My car has an aftermarket power lock system installed. Years ago I lost one of the original remotes so I purchased a replacement from local Houston business Remotes Unlimited. That remote worked great for years and years but recently it started failing intermittently. It would take 5 or 6 tries to lock the car. So why would an electronic device with no moving parts (other than a button closure) fail after years of usage. I checked battery voltage and switch closure with no apparent flaws.

Luckily we have EE’s on staff with better soldering skills than I. Danny heard my complaints about the mysterious failure and offered to take a look. He handed me back a perfectly working remote 5 minutes later that has been performing flawlessly for over a month now.

So what did he know that I didn’t? A lot actually, but in this case the culprit was simple. Circuit boards absorb moisture and warp with age. The warp puts stress on some of the solder joints, causing them to fail. A quick inspection under magnification showed a cold solder joint. A few seconds with a hot iron and it was good as new. Solder failure.

Danny gave me a couple of tips for handling this next time.

• All circuit boards warp with age. The telltale sign is if the failure comes and goes with flexing the board, it is probably caused by warping.
• You have little to lose by reflowing the solder and seeing if that helps.
• The thinner, cheaper circuit boards tend to warp more.
• The more layers, the more susceptible the board is to warping.

Some additional research on solder failures lead me to the TechnoLab website – they have some fantastic images and descriptions of different inspection issues with PCBs. Cold solder joints, insufficient or excessive solder, tombstoning – there are a wide array of problems that can arise from workmanship errors in electronics. When troubleshooting new hardware designs especially, we are constantly questioning whether it is a hardware or software problem (and as an embedded developer, it is obviously always a hardware problem first). Having an experienced team at Sparx is a huge benefit to resolving these questions quickly. Quality tools, inspection skills and experience really cut down on the time lost due to troubleshooting and help build up the test routines for when our designs are ready for production.

PCB Post Repair